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Cryogenics

Cryogenics deals with the uses and behavior of materials at ultra-low temperatures. These temperatures are primarily achieved by the liquefaction of gases. There are more than twenty-five that gases that are liquefied for use. The most commonly used cryogenic liquids include nitrogen, helium, oxygen, fluorine, hydrogen and argon. Solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) is also commonly used.

Cryogenic materials are used in a wide variety of research applications, including food processing and refrigeration, physics, chemistry, microbiology, medicine, surgery, electronics, data processing, and metalworking.

Cryogenic Safety - information on the hazards and safe handling of cryogenic material